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Landlord Newsletter - Late Fees Enforceable?

The LPA Newsletter March 25, 2014

Dear Fellow Landlord,

I believe Late fees are meant to discourage late rent. Although I think it is important to enforce and collect them, they are not intended as an additional stream of income.

In this special report:

  • Is My Late Fee Enforceable?
  • Late Fee Limitations & Related Stories
    • State Limitations on Late Fees and Lease Inserts
    • The LPA Lease Clause # 3, Late Fees
    • How to Enforce Late Fees
    • The Urgent Late Notice
    • Rent Paid On Time Addendum
    • Landlord Tenant Law - State by State

Please e-mail us if you have any questions or would like to add or share any material / information. Have a great month and an even more successful year ahead.
John Nuzzolese
John@theLPA.com

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Is My Late Fee Enforceable?

First RightTo be enforceable, Late fees must be considered reasonable in the eyes of the court and must not exceed the amount of the debt.

While many landlords don't charge enough in late fees, others go a bit overboard in collecting late charges. I know a few owners who spend a fair share of their daily time pursuing past due late fees. I recently had a student who had a tenant who owed accumulated late fees equivalent to approximately 3 times the total rent... and it was paid! He charged the tenant daily late fees each month continuously throughout the year with the months of daily charges overlapping. I'd hate to see him explain those calculations to a judge.

Most states have a statutory limitation on late fees, and when challenged, all state courts will limit them if the judge feels they are too high.

Some frequent questions are,

  • "But what about if the tenant agrees to a higher late fee in the lease?"
    My answer would be to keep it reasonable and keep the state limitations in mind. These things rarely become an issue, since it is one of the terms of the lease in which the tenant has given his word of honor and signature of agreement and approval. It is usually when you are in court with your tenant for other reasons that everything unenforceable in your agreement is then challenged.

  • "I charge a higher late charge than my state's limit. Will I have a problem collecting those fees?"
    Usually not in most tenancies, but it will become an issue if your late fees are challenged in court. In court I've seen late fees either reduced or completely eliminated by the judge.

    Most landlords go to court with tenants for two reasons:
    1. To kick the tenant out for non-payment or holdover in Eviction Court and
    2. To settle disputes between the parties which may be for security deposits, damages, etc. in Small Claims Court.

    One thing I learned is that a judge in eviction or small claims court is going to decide what he or she feels is reasonable according to the law. Keep in mind that there is a difference between "illegal" and "unenforceable".

    The whole idea of the late fee is to encourage rent payments to be paid on time. A penalty fee should be enough to make paying late unpleasant and not so little that the tenant will be comfortable incurring late fees. Late fees should not be looked to as an additional stream of income, but as a deterrent to late payments!

    Below are some links on limitations and the subject of Late Fees.

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    Late Fee - Related Stories

    State Limitations on Late Fees and Lease Inserts

    The LPA Lease Clause # 3, Late Fees

    How to Enforce Late Fees when the Tenant won't pay them willingly

    LPA Essential Form: The Urgent Late Notice

    LPA Essential Form: Rent Paid On Time Addendum

    Landlord Tenant Law - State by State

    Ask the Attorney John Reno

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